2021年1月9日星期六

郭飞雄:致李克强总理、赵克志部长的紧急公开信

 国务院总理李克强先生

公安部部长赵克志先生


二位公仆好!



我是中国公民杨茂东,笔名郭飞雄。

我因一件与二位公仆对口服务之重要事务,紧急给你们写公开信,请予帮助。


我的妻子张青居住在美国马里兰州,今天(美国时间1月9日)刚刚做完结肠癌伴肝转移开腹切除大手术。她因为两个孩子在国内无法正常读书,被迫于2009年迁移到美国,十几年来异域打拼,艰难辛苦把儿女拉扯大,又与身为良心犯两次坐牢的我长期分离,心理苦痛长期郁闷,故酿成重大疾病,令身为男子汉的我愧疚、哀伤之至。


现她一人在美,大手术之后急需调养呵护,却无人做饭、照顾、扶持,很不利于压住、根治恶疾,这令我忧心如焚、度日如年!


我必须立即赶赴美国,尽全力照顾我的妻子,帮她渡过人生最危险、最艰难的关口。

但是,我的出国护照被广东省广州市公安局一处扣押,而且据他们去年声称,我作为公民的出国旅行自由权利的履行,需要经由他们批准。


二位公仆亦为人丈夫,夫妻恩爱,必定亦有常人共情同理之心。同样重要的是,二位公仆和你们所代表的政府部门,有着为中国公民的重大合法需求提供服务的职责,有着对下属严重失职行为及时督改的义务。


在此,我恳请二位公仆拨冗履责,本乎天理、顺乎人道地运用执行力,帮我解决目前这一重大而急迫的困难,责令广东省广州市公安局一处最快时间返还我的出国护照,并且不可做出任何非法的阻碍。


果真如此,我将十分感激。


我们同为中国人,都是自然本分地爱亲人、爱国家、爱人类者。自由、民主、公平、正义、和平、发展是今天中国的全民共识。我真诚地希望看到,二位公仆以及中国政府所有有良心者,能够在新的一年对中国的人权事业做出更加有力的程序推动,令所有公民的出国旅行自由以及其他基本自由权利都能得到有效的保障。


敬请答复!




杨茂东(郭飞雄)


联系人与联系电话:杨茂平(我姐姐),13872829152




2021年1月10日

2020年9月25日星期五

Steve Bannon and Miles Kwok Organized Mafia Attack Against Critics

 

Press release

Contact information: VictimsOfGuo@outlook.com

Steve Bannon and Miles Kwok Organized Mafia Attack Against Critics

An Open Letter to

President Donald Trump, The White House

Mr. Jim Risch, Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Mr. Bob Menedez, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Mr. Mr. Linsey Graham, Chairman, Senate Judiciary Committee

Ms. Dianne Feinstein, Ranking Member, Senate Judiciary Committee

Mr. Eliot Engel, Chairman, House Foreign Affairs Committee

Mr. Michael McCaul, Ranking Member, House Foreign Affairs Committee

Mr. Jerrold Nadler, Chairman, House Judiciary Committee Ms. Mary Gay Scanlon, Ranking Member, House Judiciary Committee

Mr. Jim McGovern, Chairman, Congressional-Executive Commission on China

Mr. Marco Rubio, Co-Chairman, Congressional-Executive Commission on China

Mr. William Barr, Attorney General


September 23, 2020


We are mostly U.S. citizens who immigrated from the People’s Republic of China to the Western democracies to escape Communist Party repression. In the past few weeks, we have been bullied and harassed by mobs organized by Steve Bannon and his partner, who goes by Miles Guo (also Miles Kwok, Guo Wengui, Haoyun Guo, Wu Nan, Ho-wen Kwok, and other names), who is known to be an agent of China’s secret police. Guo has applied for political asylum in the United States in 2017 under false pretenses.

Guo paid Bannon, a former White House strategist, at least one million dollars after creating a partnership in 2018, but which began in October 2017. Since then, they have organized a dubious following around the world via social media to target the true pro-democracy activists.

During the pandemic, Bannon and Guo spread rumors and falsehoods that the SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus was a synthetic or man-made biological weapon. They told their audiences that the Chinese and Hong Kong currencies would soon collapse through their partner Kyle Bass. They asked Chinese people around the world who oppose the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to “invest” in their so-called “charities” and business “schemes”. Thousands of people, believing in the anti-CCP cause, sent in millions to their fraudulent investment. Bannon and Guo even established “the New Federal State of China,” pretending that it would be the legitimate government of China after the CCP collapses.

Many victims soon realized that they had been defrauded. They reported the alleged crimes to the United States Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, which regulates investments, and the FBI. All these government entities are investigating the Bannon-Guo crimes.

Once the victims discovered one another and united their knowledge and efforts, Guo began to send video messages to harass them wherever they lived around the world. Bannon is backed by Guo. Bannon was arrested in August for another charity-oriented crime.

Both Bannon and Guo are known for their dirty tricks. Bannon has proclaimed himself a “Leninist”, in terms of political tactics to destroy people. Guo is notorious for harassing people and destroying their livelihoods through intimidation and multiple abusive litigation. As he did in China for the CCP when he was actively working for the MSS secret police, Guo terrorized his victims and many other personal rivals in America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other free democracies. He announced dozens of names – many of them witnesses for the federal agencies – and provided his gangs with the victims’ personal information, photos including their home addresses and telephone numbers.

Days before he applied for political asylum in America, he signed a letter pledging loyalty to CCP leader Xi Jinping and made a video pledging to work for Xi while in the United States. At the same time, he filed devasting litigation against Chinese Americans in the US who openly opposed Xi Jinping, while casting himself as a leading opponent of the CCP. In the past two weeks, the Bannon-Guo contingent has shown up in cities, including New York, Los Angeles, Hawaii, Washington DC, and Vancouver, with large Chinese immigrant communities. The mobs show up at their targets’ private residences, holding abusive signs and screaming violent language. They even physically attacked and harmed an elderly gentleman in Los Angeles, and a middle-aged man in New York, causing severe physical harm. Charges have been made against the assailants by the California and New York police.

We urge authorities to protect all Chinese American immigrants and others who have been victims of threats from and financial fraud by Bannon and Guo.


Signed:

US Citizens and residents

Xianmin Xiong, New York

Jun Chen, New York

Shan Lin, San Francisco

Weidong Li, New York

Qi Lu, Detroit

Qingmin Jin, Los Angeles

Eric Zhang, Chicago

Sasha Gong, Virginia

Baosheng Guo,Virginia

Jiamei Lu, Hawaii

Yeliang Xia, Virginia

Ashley Wu, Chicago

Rong Shen, Illinois

Berg Lee, Las Vegas

He Lee, Las Vegas

Hongli, Zhao, Arkansas

Ming Zhang, Dallas

Tiffanie Zhang, USA

Yan Zhu, New York

Tan Li, New York

Wendy Liu, Tempe, AZ

Shuxian Haw, USA

Shipping Kong, USA

May Zhang, USA

Joshua, Seattle, Washington

Vicky Chen, MA

Gingger Shi, Chino Hills, CA

Guangfa Xu, Miami, FL

Yu Guan, SC

Xiuming Lin, Greenville, SC

Shen Duo, Washington DC

Hui Johnson, Hawaii

Bianca Shu Frank, Los Angeles

Gang Li, USA

April Ma, Sacramento, CA

Mengmeng Zhou, Sacramento, CA

Eva Wang, NJ

Dingding Guo, USA

Mike W, Las Vegas, NV

Guochen Luo, Boston, MA

Canadian Citizens and residents

Bingchen Gao, Vancouver

Maggis Zhang, Vancouver

Ningyu Huang, Vancouver

Alice Zheng, Vancouver

Jinnao Yang, Montreal

Mingjun Chen, Toronto

Shuangling Bao, Canada

Mike Wang, Vancouver

Shuangling Bao, Canada

Shiyu Fan, Toronto

Duan Zhao, Canada

Victor Powe, Canada

Grace Tian, Canada

From other countries:

Shaomin Li, Chile

Zili Rong, France

Hongbing Yuan, Australia

Wanli Zhu, New Zealand

Sayaka Miyazawa, Japan

Shizuka Yamashita, Japan

Yuan Gao, Xi’an, China

Ya Dan, Japan

Rui Wang, Australia

Wai Ming Poon, Hong Kong

Souga Kousin, Japan

Alan Chan, Hong Kong

Jenny Gong, Sweden

Carol Lu, Australia

Andy Wan, Australia

Hong Liang, UK

Qi Liu, Melbourne, Australia

Shang Ye Liang, Taiwan

Catherine Li, UK

Wei Cao, Netherlands

Sonia Kong, New Zealand

Mao Qiuhua, Greece

Yi Liu, Germany

Hui Han, Austria

Tony Yang, Australia

Hugh Hung, Australia

Mikio Kobayashi, Japan

Tokiwa Sei, Japan

Timmi Man, Germany

Susan Su, Japan

Rebot Wang Chino, Japan

Chang Jin, Sidney Australia

Takagi Nana, Japan

Many more people will sign in the next few days.

2020年8月23日星期日

Dear FBI: Reporting Guo Wengui that has violated US Federal laws and destroyed Chinese democratic movement in oversea and persecuted Chinese human rights activists and he is suspected as CCP agent

Dear FBI: Reporting Guo Wengui that has violated US Federal laws and destroyed Chinese democratic movement in oversea and persecuted Chinese human rights activists and he is suspected as CCP agent

Guo Wengui is also known as WENGUI GUO a/k/a, MILES KWOK

Its residential address: 781 5th Ave # 18THFLOOR, New York, NY 10022

Guo Wengui is an economic fugitive wanted by the Chinese government, He is applying for political asylum in the United States. But he repeatedly claimed that he is a US citizen. My name is Baosheng Guo, I am a Chinese dissident who was sentence to prison for 3.5 years for participle Chinese democratic movement. I am a U.S citizen now.

Guo Wengui has a close relationship with the Chinese spy agency MSS(The Ministry of State Security). He lied to deceive the Chinese society  by saying that he is pursuing China's democratic freedom. This way, he can gain social influence and negotiate with the Chinese government and obtain US political asylum. In fact, he has been negotiating with the Chinese government to get his own interests through damaged the Chinese democratic movement in overseas. Meanwhile, he provided false documents to U.S government in order to get asylum. In addition, he claimed that the U.S powerful man like the third figures in White House thought him is a consultant.

He organized an organization that follows and worships him, < Ant criminal band > , and often attacks Chinese democratic human rights figures abroad. He conducted a number of cyberbullying activities and randomly placed other people's passports and driver's license information on his media (www.guo.media). He even claimed he had a good relationship with the first, fourth, fifth hacker in the world.

He has also continued to suppress overseas exiled human right activists, insulted and used lawsuits against Chinese human rights activists. The human rights activists he had lawsuited were: Teng Biao, Xia Yeliang, Chen Jun, Yuan Jianbin, Cheng Shuiyan and Guo Baosheng, etc., nearly 20 peoples (see attachment). He had attacked more than 40 human rights activists overseas and attacked  "May 1 Resonance"( Large protests), Slander the girl named Dong Yaoqiong who had stained Xi Jinping's picture and so on.

Guo opened his Twitter account and YouTube channel in or about 2017. He has been using these social media platforms to attack many notable Chinese figures, e.g. politicians, movie stars, hostesses, entrepreneurs, media tycoons, and scholars.. Guo’s Twitter account, @KwokMiles, currently has about 498,000 followers. Guo constantly shares YouTube links on his Twitter. On August 18, 2018, Twitter suspends Guo ’s  account permanently from their social networking service because of his defamatory behaves. 

 Guo’s YouTube channel, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO3pO3ykAUybrjv3RBbXEHw/featured, currently has about 184,149 subscribers. He uploads several videos per month. Each of his videos has about ten thousand to sixty thousand views. To further use his influence to persecute Chinese political dissidents,Guo started a website --Guo Media, https://www.guo.media. On Guo Media, he posted videos and tweets. Currently, Guo Media has about 98,586 registered users.

Because of my political disagreement with Guo Wengui, I was attacked by Guo Wengui .On September 6, 2018,  Wengui Guo( “Guo”)  post the copy of Baosheng’s  US Passport  & Virginia driver’s license picture information in his website www.guo.media.Passed by Congress in the wake of the Watergate scandal when it was revealed that theWhite House had compiled information on individuals with opposing political viewpoints, thePrivacy Act of 1974 plainly prohibits federal agencies from collecting, maintaining, and/or disseminating information that “describ[es] how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.” 5 U.S.C. § 552a(e)(7). 

In conclude, we hope you investigate him as soon as possible.


Best Regards

BAOSHENG GUO

12/3/2018

Fundraising at Company Tied to Steve Bannon and Guo Wengui Faces Probe


Former Trump political adviser and exiled Chinese businessman raised more than $300 million in private offering, Guo says

By  Brian Spegele , Sha Hua and   Aruna Viswanatha

Aug. 19, 2020 1:17 pm ET

A media company linked to former Trump political adviser Steve Bannon and exiled Chinese businessman Guo Wengui raised more than $300 million in a private offering this spring that is now being investigated by federal and state authorities, say people familiar with the matter.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Wells Fargo & Co. have frozen accounts tied to fundraising for the company, GTV Media Group, some of these people said. Bank of America Corp. also closed an account for GTV Media’s parent company shortly after it was opened in recent months, another person with knowledge of the situation said.

The federal probe is being conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Securities and Exchange Commission, people familiar with the investigation said. The investigators have been examining whether GTV Media or associates of Mr. Guo violated securities laws through the private share placement. The New York state attorney general’s office has also been examining the matter, these people said.

Soon after the fundraising, some investors began pushing for refunds after they said they never received official documentation verifying their investments in GTV Media, among other issues that led them to distrust Mr. Guo.

Mr. Guo, a former property tycoon who is now one of China’s most-wanted fugitives, and Mr. Bannon were two of the key people behind GTV Media’s launch this spring, according to a company fundraising document and interviews. The document identifies Mr. Bannon as a company director, while Mr. Guo served as the public face for its fundraising. Associates of Mr. Guo are listed as GTV Media executives, while Mr. Guo is described as a company adviser.

Messrs. Guo and Bannon joined forces in the last few years as tough critics of China’s Communist Party, and recently have been spending significant time together on Mr. Guo’s yacht, according to videos posted on a website affiliated with Mr. Guo. Mr. Guo faces accusations of wrongdoing in China including bribery, fraud and money laundering—allegations he has denied.

GTV Media said in a statement that it had carried out the private placement under the guidance of its lawyers and that “all of the raised funds are intact.” 

The company added that it is fully prepared to cooperate with any U.S. agency that has questions about the private placement or its business. 

A representative for Mr. Guo didn’t provide comment, and Mr. Bannon declined to comment.

The FBI had been examining Mr. Guo’s work with Mr. Bannon even before the private placement this spring. The Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, reported last month that FBI agents had been investigating Mr. Guo and the money he used to fund his media efforts in the U.S. for more than six months and that prosecutors from the U.S. attorney’s offices in Manhattan and Brooklyn had been involved in the probe.

At that time, representatives for Messrs. Guo and Bannon said neither man had been contacted by the FBI as part of the probe.

Earlier this month, Mr. Guo said in an online video that he had been subpoenaed and that he welcomed authorities’ probes. A lawyer for Mr. Guo didn’t provide comment on what information the subpoenas were seeking and whether Mr. Guo had complied with them.

Since fleeing China for the U.S. in 2014, Mr. Guo built a large following online, particularly among the Chinese diaspora in the U.S. and elsewhere, and has alleged high-level corruption in China’s Communist Party. He has also applied for asylum.

GTV Media sought to capitalize off that popularity. One fundraising document reviewed by the Journal said the venture aimed to be “the only uncensored and independent bridge between China and the Western world.”

The company told potential investors it would be a platform for news, social media and e-commerce, with competitors including http://Amazon.com Inc.,Tencent Holdings Ltd. ’s WeChat and ByteDance Ltd.’s TikTok. A fundraising memo for potential investors this spring didn’t include a detailed business plan for GTV Media. It stated a pre-investment valuation of $1.8 billion.

The company identified Mr. Bannon as one of several prominent directors. Others included hedge-fund manager and China critic Kyle Bass, Texas venture capitalist Darren Blanton and John. A. Morgan, the son of Morgan Stanley’s co-founder.

Mr. Bass said on Twitter in July that he was no longer serving on GTV Media’s board, and a person familiar with the company confirmed he had resigned. Mr. Blanton didn’t respond to requests for comment. Mr. Morgan couldn’t be reached.

The fundraising documents reviewed by the Journal say GTV Media aimed to sell a 10% stake in the company for as much as $200 million, with the rest held by another company affiliated with Mr. Guo.

Mr. Guo said in an online video in June that GTV Media had raised more than $300 million, with demand for shares exceeding expectations.

GTV Media didn’t register the deal with the SEC. To avoid registration, companies generally must sell shares only to wealthy “accredited investors” who meet requirements such as having more than $1 million in assets, excluding the value of a primary residence, or earning more than $200,000 a year. GTV Media said it sought to sell shares to such accredited investors. 

Spokespeople for the SEC, the FBI field office in New York, the Manhattan U.S. attorney’s office and New York state attorney general declined to comment.

It couldn’t be determined how much money is in the accounts linked to GTV Media. A Chase account for GTV Media collected funds from investors willing to give at least $100,000 to GTV Media, according to documents reviewed by the Journal.

Separately, smaller investors were told they could invest in the GTV Media offering through another entity called Voice of Guo Media Inc. Several of these investors said they were told that the money sent to Voice of Guo Media would be invested in GTV Media on their behalf.

Mr. Guo said in June that Voice of Guo Media had raised nearly $120 million. That company didn’t respond to requests for comment. GTV Media said in its statement that it didn’t issue shares to anyone through Voice of Guo Media.

SEC investigators have been reaching out to conduct interviews with investors who are now pushing GTV Media or Voice of Guo Media to refund their money and are lodging complaints about Mr. Guo and his associates, some of the people familiar with the matter said. 

The Journal reviewed documentation from investors including copies of bank transfers, shareholder agreements and text messages.

As U.S.-China relations have soured during the Trump administration, Mr. Guo has proven divisive among U.S. critics of China. Some such as Mr. Bannon have aligned themselves with Mr. Guo, while others say they distrust him. The FBI previously viewed Mr. Guo as a potential agency informant and tried unsuccessfully to cultivate him as one around 2017, say people familiar with the matter.

Some have openly questioned Mr. Guo’s loyalty to the U.S. In 2018, a company affiliated with Mr. Guo hired Virginia-based research firm Strategic Vision to investigate individuals Mr. Guo said were tied to top Chinese Communist Party officials, according to court filings.

Strategic Vision had issues with the request and accused Mr. Guo of being a “dissident-hunter” for China. The contract between the companies is now in litigation. 

A lawyer for Mr. Guo has denied those claims, saying in a previous statement to the Journal: “Mr. Guo is the most-wanted dissident worldwide by the Chinese Communist Party and has been their most outspoken and vitriolic critic since his arrival in the United States.”

A New York state court on June 28 dismissed a lawsuit filed by Mr. Guo against Dow Jones & Co., publisher of the Journal, over its reporting about the litigation between Strategic Vision and the Guo-linked entity. Mr. Guo has indicated he plans to appeal.

The recent fundraising has also drawn scrutiny abroad. In Taiwan, local news media reported that police had prevented one supporter of Mr. Guo from transferring $43,000 to Voice of Guo because they suspected financial fraud. In New Zealand, dozens of protesters criticized a decision byAustralia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd., or ANZ, to block transfers worth $2 million to GTV Media, according to another local news-media report. ANZ declined to comment.

Mr. Guo has complained online about banks blocking transfers, alleging they are under the influence of China’s Communist Party.

—Rebecca Davis O’Brien and Dave Michaels contributed to this article.

Write to Brian Spegele at brian.spegele@wsj.com, Sha Hua at sha.hua@wsj.com and Aruna Viswanatha at Aruna.Viswanatha@wsj.com

2020年3月22日星期日

郭宝胜:《约伯记》中的神观及苦难观对当下的意义

本文大纲:


一.约伯的人本之神观

二.绝对主权的神和神本苦难观

三.《约伯记》中的神观与苦难观在当下的意义

《约伯记》的核心是苦难神学,但真正明白苦难的真义,还要从明白《约伯记》的神观开始。神也正是透过苦难,向约伯启示了一个全权全能的神的形象。一个拥有绝对主权的神和一个以人为本的神是有天壤之别的,这个差距也正如神的公平和人的公平之间的差距、神的天平与人的天平的差距、神的逻辑和人的逻辑之间的差距。神通过《约伯记》启示出一个全然不同的神、一个常人难以理解的神、一个以神为本而非以人为本的神。这个神也就是《约伯记》中约伯所说的:“赏赐的是耶和华,收取的也是耶和华,耶和华的名是应当称颂的”(伯1:21)“难道我们从神手里得福,不也受祸吗?”(伯2:10)“我知道你万事都能作,你的旨意不能拦阻”(伯42:2)和神自己宣告的“强辩的岂可与全能者争论呢?与神辩驳的,可以回答这些吧!”(伯40:2)的神。

一、约伯的人本之神观

 神是为人而设,还是人为神而设?从创造论的角度,人当然是被上帝所造、其上要彰显上帝的心意与计划。但人的主观性也无时不以为神的存在系于人的需要:我敬拜神,是因为会得到神的护佑与祝福;我有义行美德,神必然会喜悦祝福我;而那些不敬拜神的人、恶贯满盈的人,必然会得到神在现世中的惩罚。换句话说,是我的需求和行为直接导致神相应的举动、而人的祸福直接与人自己对神的行为有关。我们之所以敬拜神,就在于如此就能得到神的祝福:敬拜神只会蒙福、不敬拜神必遭苦难;蒙福的定是虔敬之人、遭害的必是罪恶昭彰之人。可见,这是一种以人的需要来决定对神的敬拜、以人的行为来影响神的决定的神观,它是以人的需要和行为为出发点、为中心的神观,说严重点,这是人为自己而造的神,是人本之神。

 在约伯事件发生时,约伯及其三个朋友,都是这样的神观。约伯“完全正直、敬畏神,远离恶事”(伯1:1),但在约伯的内心深处,他之敬畏神还在于人的虔敬能蒙神现实祝福。这一点隐情,被魔鬼撒旦看在眼里,所以魔鬼开始控告:“约伯敬畏神岂是无故呢?”(伯1:9)魔鬼的这句话是让人震撼的,可以说击中了约伯及很多持人本神观的信徒的要害。魔鬼的意思是说,约伯敬畏神不是无故的,而是大有原因的,这个原因就是约伯能因为此而得到现实的很多好处:“他手所作的都蒙你赐福;他的家产也在地上增多。”(伯1:10)可见约伯的敬拜及信仰之维系,的确在现实的好处上。而如果把这些现实的好处彻底撤除,约伯你还能否继续敬拜神?魔鬼论断到--约伯肯定不会敬拜神!魔鬼掷地有声:“你且伸手毁他一切所有的;他必当面弃掉你。”(伯1:11)魔鬼的预言在事情的不断发展中逐渐得到了应验,约伯开始懊悔、绝望最后甚至与辩论、指斥神了(伯3:1-36)。魔鬼有理由质问:约伯你到底敬拜的是谁?是神还是神的祝福?是神永远的恩典还是人在今生的荣华富贵?你敬拜的不是神而分明是现实的好处罢了!

由此我们看到约伯的人本神观的特征之一,就是他之拜神,建立在神能给人现实的好处之上,而神的功用,也在给人福利之上。这是一个听随人心思意念的神,是根据人的行为给人好处的神,是完全为人而设、按照人的逻辑来运转的神。

约伯人本神观的特征之二,就是在人的苦难问题上的因果报应观念。善有善报、恶有恶报,而一个善人得恶报,是因为他不善。而一个恶人得善报,是因为他在永恒中来说不恶。因果报应观念是人本神观的特征,这在人本宗教的巅峰--佛教当中得到了最大体现,佛教认为人的行为是苦难的源头,而今生的苦难是由你前世或当世的恶行造成的。“佛教认为前生的善业将使今生有善报,前生的恶业将使今生有恶报,甚至影响到投胎到六道的那一道去。。。。。。业报思想对社会和谐有极大的负面影响:富者、聪明者便以为前生行善多而骄傲;贫者、愚笨、不幸者,便自卑,被认为前生行恶的结果。对于处困苦中的人便减少同情心”(注1:见《比较宗教谈真理》47页中福出版有限公司)

“善有善报”,自以为是义人的约伯的这种因果报应观念使他无法解释来临在他头上的苦难。约伯用人的逻辑思考苦难,这给他带来极大的痛苦:一个义人纯全正直(伯6:10)、神却攻击他带给他苦难(伯6:4),这严重动摇了他的信仰(伯9:22-24),而他寻神说理,居然毫无回应(伯10:2),约伯痛不欲生(伯6:8-9),人的逻辑走到了尽头。

在俄国著名神学家列夫•舍斯托夫的《在约伯的天平上》一书中,阐述了约伯用人的逻辑、人的天平面对苦难时遇到的巨大困境。约伯认为神是公平的天平,人的行为加在天平的一端,而另一端就会出现相应的结果。将善行、义行加上去,天平的另一端肯定会出现祝福和安乐,而将罪恶和败坏加上去,天平的另一端肯定会出现苦难和惩罚。这就是约伯的天平,但这个天平在约伯事件中彻底颠倒了,约伯在天平的一端加上去的是善行、义行,而另一端居然出现了苦难和惩罚,此天平显然失去了公平,约伯心里极其的不平衡,进而认为这是天平的错乱,将指责的矛头指向了神。实际上我们看到,这是约伯要用人的逻辑、人的功利性信仰、人的天平、人的人本神观来看神的逻辑和天平的结果。而他的三个朋友,也犯了同样的错误。

约伯的三个朋友以利法、比勒达、琐法,他们所持的逻辑也是“善有善报、恶有恶报”的因果报应观念,他们的神观也是以他们自己为中心的神观。正如以利法所说:“请你追想,无辜的人有谁灭亡?正直的人在何处剪除?按我所见,耕罪孽、种毒害的人都照样收割”(伯4:7-8)。约伯三友对约伯的定罪推论的三段论公式是:

     大前提:神圣洁公义、神对人赏善罚恶

     小前提:约伯受苦受难

     结论  :约伯必然有罪有恶

这就是人的逻辑。这个逻辑显然是错误的,但错出在哪里呢?实际上就是大前提中的神观出了人为想象的错误,以人的想象来想神的属性。神的确是圣洁公义的,神也是赏善罚恶的,但是神的主权超乎人的意念,他是公义的,但这个公义是神的公义而非人的公义。神要报应善恶,但报应的方式和时间,自有他的定意。而在现实当中,他并不按着人的“善有善报、恶有恶报”的逻辑来出牌。这就让我们思考下什么是神本的神观及其苦难观。

二、绝对主权的神与神本的苦难观

诗篇33:8-12:“愿全地都敬畏耶和华,愿世上的居民都惧怕他。因为他说有,就有;命立,就立。耶和华使列国的筹算归于无有,使众民的思念无有功效。耶和华的筹算永远立定,他心中的思念万代常存。”。以赛亚书55:8-9:“耶和华说,我的意念,非同你们的意念.我的道路,非同你们的道路。天怎样高过地,照样我的道路,高过你们的道路。我的意念,高过你们的意念”。

一个人难以叵测其意念、一个人无法想象其筹算、一个不以人的意志为转移的神是我们陌生的,我们只看到神的儿子为我们而死,神的圣灵为我们做安慰和引导的保惠师,似乎一切都是以人为中心。但我们忘记了,这一切都是在神的计划中为了彰显神荣耀的恩典而作成的,神的荣耀和主权才是这个世界的中心和根本。正如《威斯敏斯特信条》中所说的:“神在自己里面,并由自己而有一切生命、荣耀、善良、祝福:单独在自己里面,并对自己是完全满足的,不需要他所造的任何被造之物,也不从他们得到任何荣耀,但只在他们里面,籍着他们,向他们,并在他们身上彰显他自己的荣耀”(注2:见《历代教会教条精选》、第75页、基督教改革宗翻译社)

可见,是我们人为神而造,而非神为我们而造;是我们要荣耀神,而非神要来荣耀我们;是我们绝对顺服神的作为和旨意,而非神顺服我们的心思和需求。这也就是约伯后来才领悟到的:“我知道你万事都能作,你的旨意不能拦阻。谁用无知的言语使你的旨意隐藏呢?我所说的是我不明白的,这些事太奇妙是我不知道的”(伯42:2-3)。

《约伯记》通过魔鬼的控告、约伯的苦难,向我们启示的,就是这样一个宇宙万物都要绝对顺服的神,他就是源头、终极和一,他做事不需要解释,因为他本身就是终极的原因。万物都要绝对地顺服他,甚至魔鬼撒旦,也成为神圣局中的一个棋子。很多人惊讶地发现,耶和华神竟然两次许可了魔鬼撒旦对约伯的攻击(伯1:12、伯2:6),这一是说明神是终极的唯一,连魔鬼撒旦也降服在神的权柄之下,而如摩尼教等二元论,会使魔鬼的权能掩盖神独一的主权。二是说明神之所以许可撒旦的行径,正是要通过约伯事件的发展,证明撒旦的不是、神的是,证明约伯最后的得胜、撒旦最后的失败,此就是恶者蒙羞败退、神荣耀荣上加荣。正如罗马书9:17、18:“因为经上有话向法老说:‘我将你兴起来,特要在你身上彰显我的权能,并要使我的名传遍天下’。如此看来,神要怜悯谁,就怜悯谁;要叫谁刚硬,就叫谁刚硬”。

神拥有绝对的主权,因为他是造物主、而人仅仅是被造物。神可以给我们福、也可以给我们祸,这是他的主权,人没有资格也没有能力来干涉神的意志、决策和作为。加于义人身上的苦难,即使是出于神的,也在他永恒的计划中都是美善的事情,即使人一时不能理解,也决不能以人的意思来揣测和妄断。正如罗马书9:20-21:“你这个人哪,你是谁,竟敢向神强嘴呢?受造之物岂能对造他的说:‘你为什么这样造我呢?’窑匠难道没有权柄从一团泥里拿一块作成贵重的器皿,又拿一块作成卑贱的器皿吗?”作为受造之物,我们没有妄断的权柄和资格。

人对神的正确认识,也要建立在对神无论任何条件下的绝对顺服之上。信仰的真正问题是,当神给我们祝福时,我们信他;但当神给我们苦难时,我们还会继续信神吗?因此,当神给我们祝福时,我们要顺服他;当神给我们苦难时,我们同样也要顺服他。我们真正的顺服之心,往往在苦难来临时才凸显出来。也就是说,你在祝福中的顺服,不是真顺服,因为那里有功利性的交换心态存在;而你在苦难中的顺服,才是真顺服,因为它摆脱了人的功利性、单单地敬拜神、仰望神。在奥斯维辛集中营大屠杀发生后,很多人发出“奥斯维辛事件中上帝是否存在?”“奥斯维辛之后祈求是否还会可能?”等等问题。其实神在这些重大灾难上的奥秘、美意,人是难以猜透的,我们唯有降服神、绝对地信靠神,才能明白“他为自己的荣耀,按照自己不变而至公义的旨意行作万事”(注3:见《历代教会教条精选》、第74页、基督教改革宗翻译社)。

一个绝对主权的神所启示我们的就是神本的苦难观,这种苦难观打破了善恶报应的人的逻辑,打破了人功利性的交易心态,使苦难和祝福的来临并不以我们的义行为根据,而单单是以神自己的旨意、神自己的荣耀为依据。而究竟何为神在苦难上的旨意,谁能参透呢?到底为什么世界上很多善不能得善报,很多恶不能得恶报呢?圣哲奥古斯丁,在他的《上帝之城》一书中,对苦难的神学问题这样写到:

“善人与恶人面对这些他们共有的事件,我们称之为不幸和幸运,其意图有巨大差别。善人不会因为现世的幸运而感到自傲,也不会因为不幸而崩溃;但是恶人因为已经被现世的幸福所败坏,因此他会感到自己受到了不幸的惩罚。然而,甚至在当前有限事物的分配上,上帝也经常显现出他自己的干预。如果每样罪过在今世都已经受到明显的惩罚,那么在末日就没有什么可审判的了;另一方面,如果没有一种罪恶现在就受到上帝的明显的惩罚,那么人们就会得出结论,这世上根本就没有上帝的眷顾。今生的好事也同样:如果上帝不把‘那些人们向他祈求的东西明显可见地慷慨地赐给人,那么我们就会说这些好东西根本不是从他那里来的;如果他把这些好东西赐给所有寻求的人,那么我们就会假定,这些好东西是侍奉上帝所得的惟一奖赏,这样的侍奉不会使我们敬重上帝,而只会使我们变得更贪婪”(注4:见《上帝之城》第11页、奥古斯丁著、王晓朝译、北京:人民出版社,2007.5 )

奥古斯丁的回答何等精妙,他告诉我们善恶报应的人本苦难观,只会导致我们象初期的约伯一样,为贪图物质的福利来进行对神廉价的敬拜;也会使我们在苦难来临时,怀疑神的信实和终极的审判。而我们要树立的苦难观,要以绝对的神的主权为基础、善恶遭报时信靠神、善恶没报时也要绝对地信靠神。正如约伯在信仰没有动摇之前所说的:“赏赐的是耶和华,收取的也是耶和华,耶和华的名是应当称颂的”(伯1:21)“难道我们从神手里得福,不也受祸吗?”(伯2:10)

三、《约伯记》中的神观及苦难观对当下的意义

当下,成功神学在教会中方兴未艾,“20几年来,这种信仰影响了东、西方的很多基督徒。他们相信只要我们对神有信心,讨他的喜悦,我们就会过一个健康富裕的生活”(注5:见《LOGOS》正道神学院双月刊、陈爱光教授文《受苦的意义》)。出现成功神学一是因为很多布道家在带人信主时单单以神能带给人祝福为“诱饵”叫人决志,这对初信者也许可以,但由于没有后续的关于苦难的教导,使不少教会和信徒沉浸在成功神学中不能自拔。二是中国人受人本宗教之害极其巨大,认为神是为我的福利和需求而造,神灵不灵就要看神能否满足我的需求。而如果我敬拜的一个神不仅没有给我现实的好处反而带给我苦难时,我是绝不会继续相信的。这样的成功神学使信仰建立在沙土而非磐石之上,给当下信仰的复兴带来巨大的挑战。而《约伯记》中的神观及苦难观正是应对成功神学的最好神学武器。

通过《约伯记》,我们看到了拥有绝对主权、人必须绝对信靠与降服的神:“他是万有的独一根源,万有都是属于他,籍他而立,归于他;并且在万有之上有至高统治权,籍他们、为他们,并在万有之上行他自己所喜悦的事”(注6:见《历代教会教条精选》、第76页、基督教改革宗翻译社)。他给义人祝福,他也给义人苦难。他给我们的苦难,自有他的美意和奥秘。

当下的基督徒,敢于直面苦难,以为在苦难中能真正经历神、认识神,从而让我们得到熬练、成为神的精兵。我们基督徒也要不怕做约伯,因为约伯在苦难中才听见了神的声音、看见了神(伯38:1、40:6),“我以前风闻有你,现在亲眼看见你”(伯42:5)旧约中的苦难观,在新约耶稣基督的身上更得到了印证和成全。正如哥林多后书1:5:“我们既多受基督的苦楚,就靠基督多得安慰”。“原来我们所受的,是基督的苦楚,是参与在基督所受的苦里面。。。。。。我们跟随基督的人,是与基督连合的一个整体,是基督的身体,我们若不受苦,基督的苦就在他的身体上不完整”(注7:见《LOGOS》正道神学院双月刊、陈爱光教授文《受苦的意义》)。旧约中的苦难观,在新约耶稣基督的受难中,再次得到了回应,正如基督教学者刘小枫所写的:

“奥斯维辛事件是一个刺激,激发基督徒重新拾回福音书中的上帝形象:不是‘魔法师’,而是苦弱者。基督教的上帝观必须是与耶稣基督的生、死、复活事件叠合的,撇开基督的受苦事件论说上帝,都不是真切的基督教的上帝形象。。。。。。上帝通过基督倾听、感受、承担者人的不幸”(见《道风—汉语神学学刊》第三期23页、汉语基督教文化研究所出版)。

这一切,对我们基督徒面对苦难、提升灵命、应对人本神观、人本苦难观和成功神学的毒害具有巨大的现实意义。最后,我们体味下伟大的神学家奥古斯丁在《上帝之城》中对于义人受苦的教导:

“因此,尽管善人和恶人都会遭受痛苦,但我们一定不能因为他们所受到的痛苦没有区别就设想人本身没有区别。即使所受的痛苦相同,受苦者仍有不同,尽管他们面对的痛苦是相同的,但美德与邪恶不是一回事。就好比在同样的火里,黄金闪光,而糠批冒烟;同受连榈敲打,秸草扁瘪,而谷粒洁净。就好比尽管经过同样力度的压榨,在大油桶里渣津不会与油混杂,所以,同样力度的伤害对善人是一种考验、净化和纯洁,而对恶人来说是遭殃、毁灭和根除。因此,受到间样的伤害后,恶人会咒骂、亵读上帝,而善人会求告和赞美上帝。所以,重要的区别不在于遭受什么苦难,而在于什么样的人在受苦。同样受搅动,污泥发出熏人的臭气,而香膏则发出馨香之气”。(注9:见《上帝之城》第12页、奥古斯丁著、王晓朝译、北京:人民出版社,2007.5 )


本文原题目为《赏赐和收取的都是耶和华——--论《约伯记》中的神观》